Skin · 6 min read · Updated · Prepared by Dr Roohi's Skin & Hair Clinic
What causes acne?
Acne starts inside the hair follicle. Four things work together: excess oil (sebum) production, dead skin cells blocking the pore, acne-causing bacteria multiplying in the blocked pore, and inflammation.
Hormones play a big part, which is why acne is common in teenagers and can flare around periods, with PCOS or with stress. Some medicines, heavy oily cosmetics and hair oils on the forehead can also trigger breakouts.
Types of acne
Dermatologists grade acne by type, because each type needs a different treatment.
- Comedones — blackheads (open) and whiteheads (closed); non-inflamed.
- Papules and pustules — red bumps and pus-filled pimples.
- Nodules and cysts — deep, painful lumps that carry the highest risk of scarring.
- Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation — the dark marks left after pimples heal, very common in Indian skin.
What you can do at home
Simple habits make a real difference and help any prescribed treatment work better.
- Wash your face twice a day with a gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser.
- Use an oil-free moisturiser — even oily skin needs it, especially during treatment.
- Apply sunscreen every morning to stop marks from darkening.
- Keep hair oil away from the forehead and change pillow covers often.
- Do not pick, squeeze or apply toothpaste, lemon or other home remedies.
When to see a dermatologist
See a dermatologist if acne has not improved after 6–8 weeks of good home care, if you have painful deep pimples, if your acne is leaving marks or scars, or if it is affecting your confidence.
A dermatologist can prescribe medical creams and, when needed, oral medicines, and can add in-clinic treatments such as chemical peels or carbon peel to speed up improvement. Once active acne is controlled, scars can be treated with procedures such as MNRF.
Frequently asked questions
How long does acne treatment take to work?
Most acne treatments take 6–12 weeks to show clear improvement. Stopping early is the most common reason acne comes back.
Does diet cause acne?
For some people, high-sugar foods and dairy may worsen acne. Diet is rarely the only cause, so it is best combined with proper treatment.
This guide is general health information, not a diagnosis. Skin and hair conditions vary from person to person — please consult a dermatologist before starting any treatment or medicine.